.::::: Gymnophionas of the World :::::.
Last update: 24 July, 2003

This order is also often known as Apoda. Species in this order are to be found in all tropical areas exept for Australia.

Caeciliidae Scolecomorphidae
Ichthyophiidae Uraeotyphlidae
Rhinatrematidae  
Literature
Nussbaum, R.A. & M. Wilkinson. 1989. On the Classification and Phylogeny of Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), a Critical Review. Herpetol. Monogr., 3: 1-42.
Peters, W.C.H. 1880. Über die Eintheilung der Caecilien und insbesondere über die Gattungen Rhinatrema and Gymnopis. Mber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 924-943.
Presswell, B., D.J. Gower, O.V. Oomen, G.J. Measey & M. Wilkinson. 2002. Scolecophidian snakes in the diets of South Asian caecilian amphibians. Herpetol. J., 12(3): 123-126.
Reiss, J. 1996. Palatal Metamorphosis in Basal Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) as Evidence for Lissamphibian Monophyly. J. Herpetol., 30(1): 27-39.